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Europe has seen the greatest growth in

paragliding, with France alone registering in 2011 over 25,000 active pilots.

Wing

Cross section of a paraglider

Transverse cross section showing parts of a

paraglider:

1) upper surface

2) lower surface

3) rib

4) diagonal rib

5) upper line cascade

6) middle line cascade

7) lower line cascade

8) risers

The paraglider wing or canopy is usually

what is known in engineering as a "ram-air airfoil". Such wings

comprise two layers of fabric that are connected to internal supporting

material in such a way as to form a row of cells. By leaving most of the cells

open only at the leading edge, incoming air keeps the wing inflated, thus

maintaining its shape. When inflated, the wing's cross-section has the typical

teardrop aerofoil shape. Modern paraglider wings are made of high-performance

non-porous materials such as ripstop polyester[12] or nylon fabric.[note 1]

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Radio

Radio communications are used in training,

to communicate with other pilots, and to report where and when they intend to

land. These radios normally operate on a range of frequencies in different

countries—some authorised,[18][19] some illegal but tolerated locally. Some

local authorities (e.g., flight clubs) offer periodic automated weather updates

on these frequencies. In rare cases, pilots use radios to talk to airport

control towers or air traffic controllers. Many pilots carry a cell phone so

they can call for pickup should they land away from their intended point of

destination.

GPS

GPS (global positioning system) is a

necessary accessory when flying competitions, where it has to be demonstrated

that way-points have been correctly passed. The recorded GPS track of a flight

can be used to analyze flying technique or can be shared with other pilots. GPS

is also used to determine drift due to the prevailing wind when flying at

altitude, providing position information to allow restricted airspace to be

avoided and identifying one's location for retrieval teams after landing out in

unfamiliar territory.  普陀区进口滑翔伞需要多少钱

The next step in the launch is to bring the

wing into the lift zone. There are two techniques for accomplishing this

depending on wind conditions. In light wind this is usually done after turning

to the front, steering with the feet towards the low wing tip, and applying

light brakes in a natural sense to keep the wing horizontal. In stronger wind

conditions it is often found to be easier to remain facing downwind while

moving slowly and steadily backwards into the wind.

Knees bent to load the wing, foot

adjustments to remain central and minimum use of Cs or Brakes to keep the wing

horizontal. Pirouette when the feet are close to lifting. This option has two

distinct advantages. a) The pilot can see the wing centre marker (an aid to

centring the feet) and, if necessary, b) the pilot can move briskly towards the

wing to assist with an emergency deflation.

With either method it is essential to check

"traffic" across the launch face before committing to flight.

着陆涉及更多的计划，因为可能有多个飞行员必须同时着陆。因此，已经建立了特定的流量模式。飞行员排在飞机场上方并降落在降落区一侧，该位置取决于风向，飞行员可能会因坐飞机而失去身高（如有必要）。从该位置开始，它们以矩形模式沿着飞行路径的腿到达着陆区：顺风腿进场。这允许在多个飞行员之间进行同步，并减少发生碰撞的风险，因为飞行员可以预测他周围的其他飞行员接下来将要做什么。

技术技巧

在进近下降过程中，在接触地面大约四米之前，可以施加一些瞬时制动，然后使用向前的摆动动量来获得速度，以更有效地展开并以**小的垂直速度接近地面。

在小风中，一些小跑很常见。在中等到中等的逆风中，着陆时可能没有前进速度，甚至在强风中甚至可能相对于地面后退。用风着陆会迫使飞行员向后退，这特别危险，因为它可能会翻滚并被拖拽。当机翼垂直于飞行员上方时，有可能降低风险放气。这涉及到每只手在槌/竖板交界处抓住前缘线（As），并通过深深的膝盖弯曲动作来施加飞行员的全部重量。在几乎每种情况下，机翼的前缘都会向前飞一点，然后“折”。然后，它可能会坍塌并下降到飞行员的上风处。在地面上，它将被飞行员的腿约束。

Launching

Paraglider towed launch, Mirosławice,

Poland

A paraglider landing at Azheekkod beach,

India

As with all aircraft, launching and landing

are done into wind. The wing is placed into an airstream, either by running or

being pulled, or an existing wind. The wing moves up over the pilot into a

position in which it can carry the passenger. The pilot is then lifted from the

ground and, after a safety period, can sit down into his harness. Unlike

skydivers, paragliders, like hang gliders, do not "jump" at any time

during this process. There are two launching techniques used on higher

ground[20] and one assisted launch technique used in flatland areas:

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Land-based practice: Kiting

About that time, David Barish was

developing the "sail wing" (single-surface wing) for recovery of NASA

space capsules – "slope soaring was a way of testing out ... the Sail

Wing."[5] After tests on Hunter Mountain, New York, in September 1965, he

went on to promote slope soaring as a summer activity for ski resorts.[6][7]

Author Walter Neumark wrote Operating

Procedures for Ascending Parachutes, and in 1973 he and a group of enthusiasts

with a passion for tow-launching PCs and ram-air parachutes broke away from the

British Parachute Association to form the British Association of Parascending Clubs

(which later became the British Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association). In

1997, Neumark was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Aero Club of the UK.

Authors Patrick Gilligan (Canada) and Bertrand Dubuis (Switzerland) wrote the

first flight manual, The Paragliding Manual in 1985, coining the word

paragliding.

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